Pluralisme Hukum dan Negosiasi Identitas: Analisis Komparatif Pasuwitan Masyarakat Adat Samin dalam Perspektif Hukum Keluarga Indonesia

Muhammad Nabil, Muhammad Ismail

Abstract


This study examines the socio-juridical tension surrounding Pasuwitan the unregistered marriage practice of the Samin Indigenous People (Sedulur Sikep) who ideologically reject state formalities. Within Indonesia's legal pluralism, this customary practice clashes with national family law, especially the Compilation of Islamic Law (KHI), which prioritizes formal registration. Using a qualitative socio-juridical approach grounded in Interpretive Anthropology, Legal Pluralism, and Legal Culture theories, and drawing on systematic library research of legislation, court decisions, and scholarly literature on family law and Samin customary marriage, the study finds that Pasuwitan embodies living law, upholding ethical norms like lifelong monogamy (siji kanggo selawase) while substituting formal Islamic marriage requirements (e.g., ijab qabul, wali) with verbal vows. Consequently, such unions are legally classified as nikah siri, rendering offspring "illegitimate" and obstructing access to civil rights and identity documentation. Although Constitutional Court Decision No. 97/PUU-XIV/2016 facilitates registration for Penghayat Kepercayaan (including Samin) at civil offices (Dukcapil), implementation triggers cultural ambivalence: elders resist formalization on principle, while youth pragmatically seek legal recognition. This intergenerational negotiation reflects living law adapting under state formalism. The Samin case thus illuminates asymmetric legal pluralism in Indonesian family law.

Keywords


Legal Pluralism, Islamic Family Law, Samin Customary Law, Pasuwitan

Full Text:

PDF

References


An-Naim, Abdullahi Ahmed. 1990. Toward an Islamic reformation: Civil liberties, human rights, and international law. New York: Syracuse University Press.

Anam, Choirul, dan Karyoto. 2024. “Kepastian Hukum Dan Hak Konstitusional: Dampak Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Republik Indonesia Nomor. 97/Puu-Xiv/2016 Terhadap Perlindungan Penghayat Kepercayaan.” Jurnal Aktual Justice 9(1):15–27.

Andri Wahyudi. 2022. “Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Anak Nikah Siri Dari Perspektif Hukum Positif.” The Juris: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum 6(1):81–88. https://doi.org/10.56301/juris.v6i1.419.

Arifin, Samsul. 2020. “Perlindungan Hukum terhadap Anak dalam Nikah Siri.” Al-Qānūn: Jurnal Pemikiran dan Pembaharuan Hukum Islam 5(1):49–62. https://doi.org/10.21067/jph.v5i1.4317.

Aulia, Riska Dwi et al. 2022. “Akibat Hukum Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 97/Puu-Xiv/2016 Terhadap Legalitas Perkawinan Bagi Penghayat Kepercayaan (Studi Pada Wilayah Hukum Dinas Kependudukan Dan Pencatatan Sipil Kota Semarang).” Diponegoro Law Journal 11(4):1–12.

Benda-beckmannn, Franz Von, dan Keebet Von Benda-beckmannn. 2013. “The Dynamics Of Change And Continuity In Plural Legal Orders The Dynamics Of Change And Continuity In Plural Legal.” The Journal of Legal Pluralism and Unofficial Law 38:53–54. https://doi.org/10.1080/07329113.2006.10756597.

Cammack, Mark E., dan R. Michael Feener. 2012. “The Islamic Legal System in Indonesia.” Pacific Rim Law & Policy Journal 21(1):13–42.

Damsuki, Ali. 2019. “Konsep Pernikahan Masyarakat Samin Dan Pendekatan Dakwah Kultural.” 4:102–18.

Erlina et al. 2025. “Living Law in Society as a Legal Consideration in the Settlement of Disputes Between Customary Legal Communities in Indonesia.” International Journal of Research and Review 12(11):396–401.

Faradila, Nia Malvin et al. 2023. “Studi Eksistensi Permasalahan Perkawinan Adat Masyarakat Samin Berdasarkan Perspektif Hukum Perkawinan Di Indonesia, Di Desa Karangrowo Kudus.” Journal Sains Student Research 1(2):594–601. https://ejurnal.kampusakademik.co.id/index.php/jssr/article/view/240.

Fauzia, Amelilia, dan Yohanis Franz La Kahija. 2019. “Arti Memelihara Tradisi Pada Suku Samin Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis.” Jurnal Empati 8(1):228–37. https://doi.org/10.14710/empati.2019.23598.

Friedman, L. M. 2004. Law in America: A Short History. Modern Library Chronicles. Random House Publishing Group.

Geertz, Clifford. 1983. Local Knowledge Further Essays In Interpretive Anthropology. Basic Books.

Hallaq, Wael. 2009. Shari ’ a : Theory , Practice , Transformations. Cambridge: UK: Cambridge University Press.

Hallaq, Wael B. 2013. The Impossible State Islam, Politics, And Modernity’s Moral Predicament. New York: Columbia University Press.

Hariri, Achmad, dan Basuki Babussalam. 2024. “Legal Pluralism: Concept, Theoretical Dialectics, And Its Existence In Indonesia.” Walisongo Law Review (Walrev) 6(2):146–70. https://doi.org/10.21580/walrev.2024.6.2.25566.

Hull, Matthew S. 2012. “Documents and Bureaucracy ∗.” The Annual Review ofAnthropology 41(2):51–267. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.anthro.012809.104953.

Imamul Mujahidin. 2022. “Perlindungan Hukum Perkawinan Masyarakat Suku Samin.” Jurnal At-Tahdzib 10(2):1–8. https://doi.org/10.61181/at-tahdzib.v10i2.274.

Kurniawan, Joeni Arianto. 2014. “Contested Land, Contesting Laws. A Context of Legal Pluralism and Industrialization in Indonesia.” Sortuz. Oñati Journal of Emergent Socio-legal Studies 6(2):93–106.

Kushidayati, Lina. 2017. “Pasuwitan: Perkawinan Sedulur Sikep.” Sabda : Jurnal Kajian Kebudayaan 10(1):1. https://doi.org/10.14710/sabda.v10i1.13292.

Lathifah, Itsnaatul. 2015. “Pencatatan Perkawinan: Melacak Akar Budaya Hukum Dan Respon Masyarakat Indonesia Terhadap Pencatatan Perkawinan.” Al-Mazahib 3:43–54.

Maulana, Ama’ Khisbul. 2020. “Pergulatan Hukum Waris Islam dan Hukum Adat: Pembagian Warisan Keluarga Muslim Masyarakat Samin.” Ijtihad 36(2):93.

Mujiyono. 2019. “Enomena Perkawinan Di Bawah Umur Pada Suku Samin Di Desa Klopoduwur Kecamatan Banjarejo Kabupaten Blora Provinsi Jawa Tengah Tahun 2008-2018.” UIN Sunan Kalijaga.

Mustolehudin, dan Siti Muawanah. 2017. “Polemik Pengisian Kolom Agama Di Ktp Bagi Penganut Aliran Kepercayaan (Studi Pada Media Cetak, On-Line, Dan Media Sosial Bulan November 2014 ).” Jurnal SMaRT Studi Masyarakat, Religi dan Tradisi 3(2):231–42.

Nabil, Muhammad et al. 2026. “Reconstructing Islamic Family Law through a Monistic Paradigm: An Interdisciplinary Perspective.” Hikmatuna: Journal for Integrative Islamic Studies 12(1):1–17.

Nurdin, Nazar, dan Ubbadul Adzkiya’. 2021. “Tradisi Perlawanan Kultural Masyarakat Samin.” Jurnal Sosiologi Agama Jurnal Ilmiah Sosiologi Agama dan Perubahan Sosial 15(1):71–86.

Rohman, Arif. 2010. “Rumours-and-Realities-of-Marriage Practices in Contemporary Samin Society.” Humaniora 22(2):113–24.

Rosyid, M. 2019. “Perkawinan Samin di Tengah Ancaman Perundangan.” Jurnal Musawa UIN Suka.

Rosyid, Moh. 2018. “Perkawinan Samin Dan Dampaknya Pada Status Hukum Anak Dan Perempuan.” Kafa`ah: Journal of Gender Studies 8(1):95. doi:10.15548/jk.v1i1.193.

Rosyid, Moh. 2019. “Perempuan Dalam Perkawinan Samin: Perlindungan Budaya Versus Hukum Positif.” Musãwa Jurnal Studi Gender dan Islam 18(2):149. https://doi.org/10.14421/musawa.2019.182.149-159.

Rosyid, Moh. 2010. “Perkawinan Masyarakat Samin Dalam Pandangan Hukum Negara.” Analisa 17(1):19. https://doi.org/10.18784/analisa.v17i1.112.

Rosyid, Moh. 2023. “Gerakan Adaptasi Politik Komunitas Samin Di Kudus Jawa Tengah.” Aceh Anthropological Journal 7(2):240–54. doi:10.29103/aaj.v7i2.12516.

Rosyid, Moh, dan Lina Kushidayati. 2021. “Dampak Perkawinan Anak dan Perceraian: Studi Kasus Komunitas Samin di Kudus Jawa Tengah.” Yinyang: Jurnal Studi Islam Gender dan Anak 16(2):189–212. https://doi.org/10.24090/yinyang.v16i2.4375.

Salim, Arskal. 2015. Contemporary Islamic law in Indonesia: Sharia and legal pluralism. Vol. 6. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.

Snyder, Francis G. 2026. “Review of Law as Process: An Anthropological Approach, by S. F. Moore” diedit oleh S. F. Moore. British Journal of Law and Society 6(1):135–39. https://doi.org/10.2307/1409714.

Sulaiman. 2018. “Problem Pelayanan Terhadap Kelompok Penghayat Kepercayaan Di Pati, Jawa Tengah.” Jurnal SMaRT Studi Masyarakat, Religi dan Tradisi 04(02):207–20.

Taufiq, Muhammad, dan Anis Tyas Kuncoro. 2018. “Pasuwitan Sebagai Legalitas Perkawinan: Telaah Hukum Islam Terhadap Perkawinan Suku Samin Di Kabupaten Pati.” Ulul Albab: Jurnal Studi dan Penelitian Hukum Islam 1(2):53. https://doi.org/10.30659/jua.v1i2.2768.

Wahyuni, Sri. 2015. “Tinjauan Historis-Sosiologis Perkawinan Adat Masyarakat Samin Di Betu Rejo Sukolilo Pati Jawa Tengah.” Al-Mazahib 3(2):337–72.

Widanarti, Herni, dan Rinitami Njatrijani. 2019. “Implementasi Putusan MK No 97/PUU-XIV/2016 terhadap Pelaksanaan Perkawinan pada Masyarakat Adat Samin (Sedulur Sikep) di Jawa Tengah.” Diponegoro Private Law Review 4(2). https://ejournal2.undip.ac.id/index.php/dplr.

Widianto, Ahmad Arif, dan Fitriatul Hasanah. 2024. “Hegemoni ‘Agama Resmi’ dan Ambiguitas Kebebasan Berkeyakinan Penghayat Sapta Darma di Jember, Jawa Timur.” Jurnal SMaRT Studi Masyarakat, Religi dan Tradisi 10(2):261–76.




DOI: https://doi.org/10.18784/smart.v12i1.3829
Abstract - 96 PDF - 23

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Copyright (c) 2026 Muhammad Nabil

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.